What is motherboard and type of motherboard

Motherboard

Motherboard is know printed circuit board. Motherboard is the most important component of a system and it’s connected all devices component with help of socket, slot and connector and port

Type of motherboard

There are two type of motherboard

Integrated

non integrated

Integrated

All device and component connected with the help of slot, port, socket is known as integrated

Non integrated

All device and component connected with help of only slot is known as non integrated

Classified on the basic where it is used

There are three type of motherboard

Desktop motherboard

Laptop motherboard

Server motherboard

Desktop motherboard

Desktop motherboard is used in personal or desktop computer this type of motherboard slot, socket, and port are limited and it’s used in home and office.

Server motherboard

Server motherboard server motherboard is more advance than desktop motherboard it’s work very fast and maximum connector slot, port, socket, it work 27*7 Hours

Laptop motherboard

Laptop motherboard is used to connected different part of a laptop system. Its advance features as compared to the desktop motherboard

Manufactures of motherboard

Some companies are manufactures of motherboard like that asus, Intel, MSI, gigabyte

Chipsets

Chipsets is a group of integrated circuits(IC). Chipsets provide interface for the device such as the CPU, memory and input or output device. A modern chipset consists of the Northbridge and the south bridge

North Bridge

It’s a integrated circuit communicate between RAM to CPU and it is known as (Memory controller hub).

South bridge

South bridge is an integrated communicates between PCI to CPU like a hard disk an other peripheral device. It is known as input output controller hub.

Recognizing our motherboard

We can identify our motherboard with the help of model number mostly model number of a motherboard is written near processor or in between PCI slots

On board components

The onboard component of the motherboard. Port, slot, socket, connector, BIOS chip, super input output chip, CMOS battery.

PORT

PS/2 port- 6pin connects a mouse keyboards

Serial port- 9pin connects the modem or other serial

Parallel port- 25pin connect parallel device like printers

Video port -15 pin connect VGA monitor other VGA compatible

USB port – 4pin connects USB devices

RJ 45 port- 8 pin connection of LAN through a switch

Sound port- connects micro phone, speaker, and audio

SLOT

Memory slot

Memory slot provide an interface for attaching RAM on the board. Most of the mother comes equipped with at least 2 memory slots and DIMM type

PCI slot

PCI is a bus standard developed by Intel corporation. PCI slot is 32bit wide in bus. This is used for attaching peripheral device to the motherboard. Like that Ethernet card, sound card and graphics card

CPU Socket

CPU socket is an interface that connects the CPU with motherboard different type of socket are used for different types of processors

CONNECTORS

The different connectors on the motherboard enable connection of different devices

ATX 12v connector-4pin power supply VRM

ATX PWER -20,24pin all motherboard power supply

SATA-latest connect to SATA device

CPU fan- 4pins processor cooling fans

USB Headers- 9pins USB

Floppy Connector- 33pin old version

System fan-3pin

Fan audio connector- 9pin sound

CD in -4pin

Jumper setting -3pin

Bios chip

BIOS mean basic input output system. All necessary programs required to operate the basic system utilities such as the display device. Its main work check all device are properly working when the computer start. This test is called the power on self test.

CMOS battery

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor battery provides power to the CMOS chip of motherboard the CMOS chip stores the time and setting of the system

Super I/O chip

Super I/O chip is a signal chip which control slower I/O device which are not controlled by south bridge. It controls the floppy drive serial ports PA/2 mouse

CPU Voltage Regulator

A voltage regulator module (VRM)is installed an the motherboard and regulates the correct voltage that is needed by the CPU. The CPU voltage normally range from 1.2v

Troubleshooting motherboards

If your system crashes repeatedly it is possibly due to motherboard failure. However actual motherboard failure is very rare

Turn odd the system and remove the power card from the power supply

Check connections on the motherboard

Restore the BIOS setting to default setting

Ensure that the motherboard is not touching the system case

Precautions

waer an antistatic wristband.

Place the remove components in an antistatic bag

Checking CMOS Battery

Remove the CMOS battery from the motherboard

Set the multi meter in DC voltage mode

Put the red probe on +ve side and black probe on opposite side of the CMOS battery

If output voltage show is greater than 2.5 volts On multi meter then it replaces battery

Checking motherboard

Check motherboard for cracks on account of overheating of equipment.

Physically observe any scratches or discontinuity in PCB path.

Check for burnt ICs or components.

Check the VGA connector for dry soldering or loose connection or replace the connector.

Check north and south bridge IC whether they are getting heated by putting your index finger on them.

Check the processor whether it is gradually heating up or not by putting your index finger on the processor.

Use the debugging card to know the source of the problem.