Memory
Memory is storage device it is remembers past and events data like a brain
Memory specifications
The motherboard should support different characteristics of the memory
- 1 Number of pins
- 2 Memory frequency (FSB)
- 3 Single channel or dual channel memory
Number of pins
Each RAM has certain number of pins or connectors using which RAM communication with the processor through RAM Slots
Memory frequency
FSB is means front side bus and is used to describe the data bus the processor FSB and memory must work at the same frequency
Single channel
It is connected one side commonly all kind of memory device are 64 bit device ic 64 wire connecting the memory controller
Dual channel memory
It is connected two sides. It is width than single channel and data bus 64 to 128 bits. It doubles the data transfer rate of memory
There are two type of memory
Volatile memory
The stores data are temporary that is called volatile memory
Non volatile memory
The storage data are permanently is known as non volatile memory
Memory are classified
- Physical memory
- Flash memory
- Cache memory
Physical memory
Physical memory is total amount of memory install in the computer for example if the computer has two 1 GB memory modules installed it has a total is 2GB physical memory
The different type physical memory is
- RAM and ROM
RAM
- RAM Stand for random access memory
- it is volatile and temporary memory and main memory
- it based on semiconductor
- Its turn on store the information but turn off loss the data
RAM is two types SRAM and DRAM
SRAM
- Static random access memory
- Stores data till the power is supplied
- 6 transistors for each memory
- Don’t refresh
- Consume more power
- Per bit is costly
DRAM
- Dynamic Random Access Memory
- Par cell one transistor built
- Slow processing
- Required to refresh
- Consume less power
- Store data only for few mills second even when power supplied
- Cost per bit is low
DRAM types are SDRAM, RDRAM, DDR1, DDR2, and DDR3
SDRAM
- Synchronous dynamic random access memory
- It has 168 pin
- It consume 3.3v
- Frequency 100 MHz to 133 MHz
- It has two knotch
- Dual channel memory
RDRAM
- Rambus dynamic random access memory
- It’s has 160 to 184 pins
- It consume 3.3v
- Frequency 300 MHz to 400 MHz
- RIMM based
- Dual channel memory
DDR1
- Double data rate
- It’s has 184 pin
- It’s consume voltage 2.5v
- Frequency 333 MHz to 400 MHz
- DIMM based
- Dual channel
- Signal knotch
DDR2
- It has 240pins
- Frequency 533 /667/800 MHz
- DIMM based
- Dual channel
- Signal knotch
- It consume 1.8v
DDR3
- It has 240 pins
- It’s consume 1.5v
- Frequency 1066/1333/1667/1866mhz
- DIMM based
- Dual channel signal
ROM
- Read only memory
- Non Volatile Memory
- Permanently Memory
ROM type of PROM EPROM EEPROM
PROM
- Programmable Read only Memory
- Built in motherboard
- Only one time program
- Store the motherboard information (BIOS)
EEPROM
- Electrically erasable programmable read only memory
- This type ROM Update program
- Combination of (RAM and ROM)
- It’s built in motherboard like chip form.
Flash memory
Flash memory is known non volatile memory and it is a reprogrammable device or it is fast in reading and writing data. It’s work on chunks or blocks. The content from the flash memory are erased in block and not in byte and block size range 256bytes to 16kb. It is replace hard disk in portable computers.
Cache memory
Cache memory is a small and fast memory and it is known as volatile memory it worked very high speed than system memory and it’s built between main memories to CPU
Packing if memory
The method of connected to memory on motherboard is called packageRIMM
Rum bus inline memory module The RIMM module carries the RDRAMDIMM
Dual inline memory module The DIMM module carries are DDR DDR2 DDR3Installing the memory
The installation of RAM depends on the amount of memory required for the processor. Before installing RAM some step - Check the capacity of RAM required 1 GB or 2 GB
- Check if installed memory is supported by motherboard and processor
- Form factor of the RAM DIMM or RIMM
- Type of RAM needed e.g. DDR2 or DDR3
Upgrading the Memory
The memory of the system must be upgrade to increase the speed of the system Step the memory upgrading
- Shutdown the computer and disconnect the power cable from SMPS and peripheral device attached
- Remove the system case
- Hold the RAM module by its edge do not touch the chips and connectors of RAM module
- Hold the RAM module perpendicular to the memory socket
- Check the notches of RAM module
- Connect all the peripheral device to the computer
- Put the case back to the computer
- Check switch on the computer
Troubleshooting memory
The bios program does the power on self test (POST) Testing as the system turn on. This testing is done to ensure that system is working properly. If the computer fails to start a long beep is generated. This beep indicates check the BIOS of the motherboard
- 1 long beep- show the memory problem
- 1 long beep and 2 short beeps – signifies failure of the FRAM parity
- 1 Long beep and 3 short beeps- signifies video error
- Continuous beep- signifies failure in memory or video memory
Troubleshooting memory
On switching on the machine three beep tones are heard and then the computer stops or parity error is display on the screen Cause – the problem may occur due to improper insertion of the RAM or due defective RAMSOLVE THE PROBLEM
- Physically check all the memory modules you have installed for any sign damage
- Check for any loose connection
- If problem is not solve then remove module one b one restart and check if the problem is solved
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